《齐物论》与竹林玄学

《庄子》作为“三玄”之一,在魏晋玄学中大行其道。阮籍和嵇康是两位在任自然的旗帜下发挥庄子思想的名士。分析发现,阮籍对庄子的理解,大致来自《齐物论》。然《齐物论》对他的意义是双重的：既排遣其对现实的不满,又给因对现实的无能为力而游戏人生的生活态度提供掩饰。嵇康学理上的表现在于,其“声无哀乐”的见解,以乐论的形式,对《齐物论》中齐是非的观点作独特的补充,同时,却又在讨论人格的公（诚）私（伪）之分时,把它同是非问题联系起来,从而显露自己无法掩饰的价值立场。阮、嵇无论是言还是行的矛盾,都与庄子齐是非的悖论有关。

Seeing Things as Equal (Qi Wu Lun) and Zhu Lin Xuan Xue

As one of the "three profound studies", the book of Zhuangzi became prevailing in the Profound Studies (Xuanxue) Movement during the Wei - Jin period. Ruanji and Jikang were ranked among the famous literati of that period who expounded the thought of Zhuangzi under the claim of corresponding to nature. Through analysis, I find that Ruanji's understanding of Zhuangzi was inspired mostly by the latter's "On Leveling All Things". However, "On Leveling All things" revealed to him a Janus like nature; while it expressed his dissatisfaction towards reality, the text also provided him with an escape from reality, which he could do nothing about but to face with cynicism. Jikang's idea that "music itself is free from either sorrow or happiness", on the other hand, supplemented the idea of "leveling right and wrong ( qi shifei)" expressed in " On Leveling All Things " in the form of music theory. At the same time, however, when he was discussing the selflessness (sincerity/ cheng) and selfishness (hypocrisy/ wei) of personality, he related it with the question of shifei (right and wrong), thus exposing the fact that he was not free from value judgement. In a word, the contradiction in either words or action appearing in Ruanji and Jikang is related to the paradox of "leveling right and wrong" revealed by Zhuangzi.