Switching attentional focus across internal and external cues improves performance in a rowing task in novices |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Australia;2. School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia;3. College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Australia;1. Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada;2. University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia;3. Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada;4. University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA;5. Western University, London, Ontario, Canada;6. University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom;1. Institute of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-W.-Adorno-Platz 6, D-60323, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany;2. TSG ResearchLab gGmbH, Horrenberger Straße 58, D-74939, Zuzenhausen, Germany;3. Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany;4. Institute of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken Campus, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany;5. Institute of Sport Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Ginnheimer Landstraße 39, D-60487, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany;1. University of Toronto, Canada;2. University of Waterloo, Canada;3. The Pennsylvania State University, United States;1. Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA;2. School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton North Building 7 - LG.15, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia;3. Department of Psychology, King''s College London, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom;4. Khoury College of Computer Sciences and Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA;5. Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 215 Johnston Hall, 101 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA;1. Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany;2. Leuphana University Lueneburg, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Performance in skill-based and endurance sports can be enhanced when an individual directs attention toward internal or external cues. However, there might be advantages in attending to specific cues at different times during a continuous sport task. The present study examined the effects of switching attention between internal and external cues when rowing. Novice rowers (N = 27) completed three 2000 m rows while focusing attention on internal cues only, external cues only, or switching between internal and external cues. Overall performance, as measured by time and power output, was best in the switching condition. Measurements of heart rate and perceived exertion were not significantly different between switching and external conditions, suggesting that these performance improvements occurred without producing significant subjective or objective physiologic change. However, a focus on external cues resulted in lower ratings of perceived exertion relative to a focus on internal cues. Self-reported motivation did not differ between conditions. Although instructions to focus internally or externally can influence performance on aerobic tasks, switching attention between these cues may enhance performance. Athletes should consider attending to various cues in rowing and, by extension, in other endurance sports. |
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| Keywords: | Attention Performance Rowing Sport Switching |
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