Red shirt color has no effect on winning in European Soccer: Reanalysis of Attrill et al. (2008) of the English premier league and six additional European leagues |
| |
| Institution: | 1. University of San Diego, Department of Psychological Sciences, United States;2. German Sport University Cologne, Institute Training and Computer Science in Sport, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, D-50933, Köln, Germany;1. University of Burgundy-Franche-Comté, Laboratory of Psy-Drepi, France;2. Univ Lyon, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratory of Vulnerabilities and Innovation in Sport, France;3. European University of Brittany, Center for Education, Learning, & Didactics Research, France;1. MANIBUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy;2. Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy;3. NIT, Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Turin, Italy;1. School of Education, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China;2. School of Wushu, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China;1. Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy;2. Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, Rome, Italy;3. Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples \"Federico II\", Naples, Italy;1. Institute of Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine & Health Tourism, Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Eduard-Wallnöfer-Zentrum 1, 6060, Hall in Tyrol, Austria;2. Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Fairfax Hall, Headingley Campus, Leeds, LS6 3QS, United Kingdom |
| |
| Abstract: | Attrill et al. (2008) conducted a far-reaching study in elite English soccer demonstrating in archival research that from 1946 to 2003 seasons, teams wearing red uniforms were more likely to win championships than teams in other uniform colors, won more at home and had a higher average league position (relative to cross-city rivals). Their study was one of only very few that extended the color-in-context theory (Elliot & maier, 2007) to team, ball-oriented long-duration sports. The current investigation returns to the red superiority hypothesis in professional soccer due to weaknesses in the original evidence for this hypothesis. We conducted two studies testing the red superiority hypothesis in professional soccer. In Study 1a, we first reanalyzed the original data and tested the strength of evidence in favor of the red superiority hypothesis. We then updated the English premier league data (1992–2018) and tested uniform color effects on game outcomes. In Study 2, we attempted to broaden the scope of Study 1 and increase statistical power by testing the red superiority effect during the last 20 years of six major European Soccer leagues (NOS Portugal, German Bundesliga, Dutch Eredivisie, Spanish la Liga, French Ligue 1, and the Italian Serie A). All three tests challenge the validity of the original findings and fail to detect uniform color effects at home play in professional soccer. In light of the current findings and a growing body of research in the field we call into question overall color effects in this athletic context. |
| |
| Keywords: | Uniform color Performance Replication |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
