Perceived parental pressure and perceived coach pressure in adolescent and adult sport |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation at the University of Alberta, Canada;2. School of Kinesiology at Lakehead University, Canada;3. Curling, Canada;1. Nipissing University, Canada;2. KU Leuven, Belgium;3. University of Queensland, Australia;1. Nantes Université, Movement – Interactions -Performance, MIP, UR 4334, F, 44000, Nantes, France;2. University of Lyon, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratory of Vulnerabilities and Innovation in Sport (EA 7428), Confederation Interdisciplinary Research in Sport (FED 4272), F-69622, Lyon, France;1. Discipline of Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Australia;2. Centre for Healthy Ageing, Murdoch University, Australia;3. School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia;4. School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Australia;5. Discipline of Psychology, Murdoch University, Australia;6. Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western, Australia;1. German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany;2. Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA;1. Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, 3-100 University Hall, Van Vliet Complex, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H9;2. School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Montpetit Hall, 125 University Street, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada;3. Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, British Columbia, V2N 4Z9, Canada;1. BIND-Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013, Chieti, Italy;2. Parisi-De Sanctis Institute, MIUR (Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research), 71121, Foggia, Italy;3. School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013, Chieti, Italy;4. Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether adolescent and adult athletes’ perceptions of interpersonal perfectionistic performance pressures from parents and coaches differ as a function of athlete age.DesignA cross-sectional repeated-measures design was employed.MethodA total of 1544 youth sport athletes (M age = 15.44 years; SD = 2.12) and 1706 adult sport athletes (M age = 20.80 years; SD = 2.09) provided self-report levels of perceived parental pressure (PPP) and perceived coach pressure (PCP) in sport.ResultsStatistically significant interaction effects (ps < .001) were obtained from two repeated-measures analyses of variance. Interaction effects indicated that PPP tended to be lower in older/adult sport athletes than younger/adolescent sport athletes, whereas PCP tended to be higher in older/adult sport athletes than younger/adolescent sport athletes. Significant main effects (ps < .001) also revealed that, regardless of age and whether athletes competed in youth sport or adult sport, athletes had a tendency to perceive more pressure from coaches than parents.ConclusionResults highlight the need to differentiate between parents and coaches as potential sources of interpersonal perfectionistic pressures in sport. Results also demonstrate that athletes’ perceptions of parent and coach pressure surrounding performance expectations and standards in sport can differ as a function of athlete age. Future research that examines perfectionism in sport from a developmental perspective is recommended. |
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| Keywords: | Interpersonal perfectionistic pressure Personality Coaches Parents |
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