Towards a new approach to detect sleepiness: Validation of the objective sleepiness scale under simulated driving conditions |
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| Affiliation: | 1. UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, Normandie University, 14000 Caen, France;2. UNICAEN, CNRS, LMNO, Normandie University, 14000 Caen, France;3. UNICAEN, ENSICAEN, LAC, Normandie University, 14000 Caen, France;4. UNICAEN, EPHE Paris, INSERM, NIMH, GIP Cyceron, Normandie University, 14000 Caen, France;5. USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY Sommeil, Addiction et NeuroPSYchiatrie, 33000 Bordeaux, France;6. Université Bordeaux, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France;1. Academy of Professional Studies Sumadija, Department in Kragujevac, Kosovska 8, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;2. University of Belgrade, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 305, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;3. P.E. GSP Belgrade, Knjeginje Ljubice 29, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;4. University of Montenegro, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Blv. Dzordza Vasingtona bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro;1. Department of Cognitive Robotics, Faculty Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, the Netherlands;2. Group Renault, Chassis Systems Department, 1 Avenue du Golf, 78280 Guyancourt, France;3. Department of Computer and System Engineering/U2IS, ENSTA Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France;1. Institute for Automotive Engineering (ika), RWTH Aachen University, Germany;2. Institute of Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany;1. Robert Bosch GmbH, Gerlingen-Schillerhöhe, Germany;2. Assessment and Intervention, Faculty of Psychology, TU Dresden, Germany |
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| Abstract: | The Objective Sleepiness Scale (OSS) was developed to detect and quantify sleepiness on the basis of two direct and reliable sleepiness indicators: EEG and EOG. The present study aims to test whether the OSS can be used to detect sleepiness episodes that impair performance on driving and vigilance tasks accurately and with a good time synchronization. Forty-three healthy volunteers performed monotonous driving sessions on a simulator and the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) in a normal sleep condition and after partial sleep deprivation. OSS reliability and time synchronization for sleepiness detection were tested on driving (standard deviation of vehicle lateral position and off-road duration) and PVT (reaction time and lapses). Inter-rater reliability of the scale was evaluated by two blinded scorers. Results show that the OSS score indicates higher sleepiness in sleep deprivation conditions (p < 0.001) and with time-on-task. Differences of performance between OSS score calculated with multiple pairwise comparisons, indicate OSS score increase when driving performance (SDLP and off-road duration) decreases (p < 0.001 for comparisons between OSS stages 0 vs 2, 0 vs 3, 1 vs 2 and p < 0.05 for 1 vs 3). Reaction time during PVT is also related to the OSS score (p < 0.05 for OSS values from 0 to 2, 0 to 3, 1 to 2 and 1 to 3). There is no proportional relation between OSS score and performance impairment, but a threshold effect between levels 1 and 2 of the scale is observed. Positive outcomes are also obtained for time synchronization of the OSS assessed on driving performance (p < 0.001 for both SDLP and off-road duration). Finally, inter-rater agreement is found to be considerable. The results allow us to consider using the Objective Sleepiness Scale as a tool for research on sleepiness. |
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| Keywords: | Sleepiness Electroencephalogram (EEG) Electrooculography (EOG) Vigilance Driving performance |
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