Diverse multi-week physical activity programs reduce ADHD symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, USA;2. Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada;3. School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, USA;4. Institute for Health Research and Policy and Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, USA;5. Library of the Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, USA;6. Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago, USA;1. Nantes Université, Movement – Interactions -Performance, MIP, UR 4334, F, 44000, Nantes, France;2. University of Lyon, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratory of Vulnerabilities and Innovation in Sport (EA 7428), Confederation Interdisciplinary Research in Sport (FED 4272), F-69622, Lyon, France;1. University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain;2. Marbella International University Centre, Marbella, Spain;3. Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, USA;4. Unió de Federacions Esportives de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain;5. University of Granada, Granada, Spain;1. Department of Exercise and Health, Paderborn University, Germany;2. Physical Education Research Group, Zurich University of Teacher Education, Switzerland;1. School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Taggart Avenue, Liverpool, L16 9JD, UK;2. Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivePhysical activity (PA) has been proposed as an adjunct treatment and secondary prevention intervention for attention-deficit hyperactivity/impulsivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). However, meta-analyses testing effects on symptoms and functional impairment have yielded conflicting results.MethodsA systematic search of eight databases yielded 15 randomized controlled trial and 2 quasi-experimental design studies—including N = 881 youth (M = 9.75 years, 71% male)—that tested the effects of multi-week PA programs on symptoms and impairment of children with [or at-risk for] ADHD and/or ODD.ResultsRandom effects meta-analyses favored PA groups on omnibus ADHD measures (g = −0.42, 95%CI[-0.62;-0.21]), combined ADHD symptoms (g = −0.50, 95%CI[-0.82;-0.17]), inattention (g = −0.41,95%CI[-0.82; 0.00]), and hyperactivity/impulsivity (g = −0.30, 95%CI[-0.56;-0.04]). Heterogeneity was moderate across studies (I2 = 49%, 95%CI[12%-to-70%]). Significant differences favored PA programs whether inclusion required diagnosis, programs augmented frontline treatments, and active or passive comparison groups were utilized.ConclusionDiverse PA programs can reduce ADHD symptoms, especially where they intentionally pursue this end. |
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| Keywords: | Exercise Child behavior disorders Problem behaviors Mental health |
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