Performance slumps in sport: A systematic review |
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| Institution: | 1. Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada;2. University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia;3. Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada;4. University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA;5. Western University, London, Ontario, Canada;6. University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom;1. Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, United States;2. Department of Sport Leadership and Management, Miami University, United States;3. Department of Kinesiology, Pacific Lutheran University, United States;1. University of Toronto, Canada;2. University of Waterloo, Canada;3. The Pennsylvania State University, United States;1. Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA;2. School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton North Building 7 - LG.15, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia;3. Department of Psychology, King''s College London, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom;4. Khoury College of Computer Sciences and Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA;5. Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 215 Johnston Hall, 101 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA |
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| Abstract: | This systematic review explored the under-researched experience of performance slumps in sport with four objectives: (i) review definitions of a performance slump; (ii) identify known causes of a performance slump; (iii) identify the symptoms athletes present when in a performance slump; and (iv) review approaches used to combat a slump in performance. Literature searches into three databases (PsychARTICLES, PsychINFO and SPORTDiscus) resulted in the inclusion of quantitative (n = 14) and qualitative (n = 4) empirical research studies. The findings were thematically analysed and narratively synthesised. Results showed that: (i) definitions of a performance slump vary; (ii) perceived expectations for success and athletes attributing poor performance to something about themselves have been empirically verified as performance slump causes; (iii) during a slump, athletes might display a range of emotional and psychological symptoms and/or adopt skill-focused attention; and (iv) athletes reported several ways of coping with a performance slump, and research has offered succeeding under pressure as a potential route out of a slump. This systematic review highlights the need for an empirical investigation of the performance slump phenomenon. Future studies should be directed towards understanding the prominent symptoms athletes experience during the slump, so that cause, context, competitor and symptomatic dependant intervention strategies can be designed. |
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| Keywords: | Performance slumps Sport Athletes Systematic review |
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