Three-way interaction of neuroticism,extraversion, and conscientiousness in the internalizing disorders: Evidence of disorder specificity in a psychiatric sample |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Independent Researcher, 3200 Port Royale Dr. North, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33308, USA;2. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA;3. Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Porta di Massa, 1, 80138 Naples, Italy;4. Department of Psychological Sciences, 210 McAlester Hall, University of Missouri Columbia, MO 65211, USA;5. Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, 250 Mills Godwin Life Sciences Bldg #134A, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA;6. Center of Atheneum SInAPSi, University of Naples Federico II, Via Giulio Cesare Cortese, 80138 Naples, Italy;1. The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland;2. National Aviation University, Kyiv, Ukraine;3. National University Odessa Law Academy, Odessa, Ukraine;4. Ukrainian Catholic University, Lviv, Ukraine;5. O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Kharkiv, Ukraine;6. National Mining University, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine;7. University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland;1. LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tübingen, Gartenstraβe 29, 72074 Tübingen, Germany;2. Department of Psychology, University of Münster; Fliednerstr. 21, 48149 Münster, Germany |
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| Abstract: | It is well-established that neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness are individually associated with internalizing disorders, but research suggests that these main effects may be qualified by a three-way interaction when predicting depression. The current study was the first to examine this three-way interaction in a psychiatric sample (N = 463) with a range of internalizing symptoms as the outcomes. Using two omnibus personality inventories and a diagnostic interview, the expected three-way interaction emerged most consistently for symptoms of major depression, and there was also evidence of synergistic effects for post-traumatic stress disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Findings indicate that, even in a clinically-distressed and currently-disordered sample, high levels of extraversion and conscientiousness protect against distress disorders for those with high levels of neuroticism. |
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| Keywords: | Neuroticism Extraversion Conscientiousness Interaction Internalizing disorders Distress disorders Depression Trait affect Disinhibition |
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