知觉整体优先性的研究及其进展

知觉的性质是整体的还是分析的 ?这是心理学家们长期争论不休的问题。本世纪 70年代以来 ,一些认知心理学家提出知觉加工的整体优先性假设 ,强调整体在知觉加工中的优先地位。这一假设激发了大量整体 /局部范例的研究。本文综述了这方面的研究 ,分析了它们的理论假设 ,指出了这方面研究的局限以及替代的探讨。

The Advances of Perceptual Global-Precedence

One of the most enduring issues in the psychology of perception concerns the relationship of the whole and its parts, that is whether the whole structural processing precedes its components processing, or whether the parts are registered first and then synthesized to the perception of the objects. There are two research campus: Structuralism and Gestalt. Structuralism held that the elementary units of perception are independent local sensations and their physiological counterparts. on the other hand, the Gestalt held that the perception of the object as a whole is not the result of elementary sense, but is a result of the respond to the configuration of stimuli. The basic flavor of the structuralism has been retained in many current cognitive psychological models of perception, especially in the models of pattern recognition. However, in the last 20 years, the Gestalt has recaptured the interest of cognitive psychologists in the research field of perception. The global precedence hypothesis, a modern version of the Gestalt, has generated a large body of research, but the analytic holistic debate on perception still remains active. This article reviews the research in the global/local paradigm, analyzes the assumptions underlying this paradigm, and discusses its contribution to understanding the role of holistic processing in object perception and some issues about this paradigm.