儿童2～4岁行为抑制的稳定性

采用实验室观察法研究了儿童行为抑制性发展的稳定性特征。被试为追踪样本，随机选取北京市124名儿童，经家长同意参加本项追踪项目。2岁时，有124名儿童参加本实验，在不同的陌生情景下对儿童行为进行录像观察，每次一对儿童和母亲。4岁时，有103名儿童参加实验室观察，21名儿童由于搬迁、失约或中途退出而没有数据；在观察室，每次邀请四名过完四岁生日不久的同龄、同性别、但父母评价害羞程度不同的、彼此陌生的儿童同时来到实验室作观察。结果表明：就整体而言，儿童在2岁时的行为抑制性特征与其4岁时的行为抑制性特征相关显著，但稳定性程度较低(0．294)；通过对极端组和非极端组儿童的行为抑制性的稳定程度的比较发现，极端组儿童，无论是极端非抑制儿童还是极端抑制儿童，其行为特征的保持程度要好于非极端组；对儿童4岁时行为抑制性的性别差异检验虽然没有达到显著性水平(t＝-1．776，p＝0．079)，但男孩总体上有非抑制性倾向(抑制性的平均分数为-0．2420)，女孩有抑制性倾向(女孩的平均抑制性分数为0．2035)。

THE STABILITY OF CHILDREN'S BEHAVIORAL INHIBITION:A LONGITUDINAL STUDY FROM TWO TO FOUR YEARS OF AGE

The present longitudinal study assessed and compared children's inhibition stability from two years to four years of age and examined the gender difference on development. Ss were from longitudinal sample in Beijing, China, 124 toddlers (2-year-old) and 103 Children (4-year-old), 21 children at 4 years dropped out because of moving, stopping cooperation, and other reasons. The study sample was children who both participated in the 2 year and 4 year observation. Children's behavioral inhibition was rated from the Strange Situation at 2 and 4 years. Results showed that individual differences of behavioral inhibition were stable over the 2 years of the study (0.294). Compared to non-extreme group, the preservation of extreme children's behaviors was more stable. There was no significant sex difference between boys and girls( t = -1.776, p =0.079), but the result suggested that boys may keep uninhibited developmental trend and girls may keep inhibited developmental trend.