意义治疗的团体辅导对于戒毒者复吸倾向的影响

摘 要: 考察意义治疗的团体辅导对于戒毒者复吸倾向的干预效果。选择生命意义感较低的被试18名进入实验组，并选择与其分数匹配的18名被试组成对照组。后测结果表明，与控制组相比，实验组被试的价值感、效能感、成就感和生命意义感均有显著提升，复吸倾向显著降低。结论: 意义治疗的团体辅导能够显著提高戒毒人员的创造性价值类生命意义源和生命意义感，显著降低其复吸倾向。提升创造价值与对苦难的理解是提高生命意义感的有效途径。

The Effectiveness of Logotherapy Group Counseling in Alleviating the Relapse Tendency of Drug Abstainers

Abstract Given the high rate of relapse among drug abuser, the effectiveness of current substance abuse treatment programs are in doubt. It’s crucial to clarify the cause of relapse and to improve the effectiveness of addiction treatment programs. Existential theory and previous qualitative research have suggested that a lack of life meaning causes drug addiction and relapse, so it’s essential to raise the meaning in life for Drug Abstainers. And Logotherapy is a meaning-centered approach to psychotherapy , developed by the Austrian neurologist andpsychiatrist Viktor Frankl. However, previous research rarely paid attention to improve the effectiveness of substance abuse treatment programs by enhancing the meaning in life. Especially, no quantitative evaluation of the Logotherapy group counseling has yet been undertaken. So the purpose of this article was to assess the effectiveness of Logotherapy group counseling in alleviating the relapse tendency for drug abstainers.According to Logotherapy, we can discover meaning in life in three different ways—through “creative values,” “experiential values,” and “attitudinal values”.The creative valueconsists of what we give to the world, such as accomplishing a task, creating a work, or doing a good deed. In the present study, we concluded self-valves, sense of achievement and self-efficacy as the creative values sources of meaning. The attitudinal value reflects the stand that we choose to take toward unchangeable situations or unavoidable suffering. So in the present Logotherapy group counseling program, we designed seven themes for enhancing the meaning in life through “creative values,” and “attitudinal values”. They were Understanding the Meaning in Life, Void and Substance Use, Adversity and Grow Up, Create and Valve, Ideal Self and Actual Self, Career and Achievement, Meaning in Life and Dream Commitment. There were five scales mentioned in the current study: Self-Esteem Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Sense of Personal Accomplishment Sub-scale from Maslach Burnout Inventory, Purpose in Life Test, Re-addiction Tendency Questionnaire. 633 drug abstainers subjects completed the scales. 18 drug abstainers( 9 males and 9 females) with low level of the meaning in life were chosen to be the intervention group according to the result of the PIL on voluntary principle. And another 18 score-matching drug abstainers were chosen to be the control group. After the intervention, we performed an analysis of variance (ANOVA), comparing meaning in life, creative values sources of meaning (self-valves, sense of achievement and self-efficacy) and relapse tendency between the pretest score and the posttest scores of intervention group and controls group. The results revealed that (1) the posttest score in meaning in life, creative values sources of meaning (self-valves, sense of achievement and self-efficacy) was significantly higher than the pretest for the intervention group. No significant change was found in the control group after treatment (P > .05). (2) The posttest score in relapse tendency was significantly lower than the pretest for the intervention group. No significant change was found in the control group after treatment (P > .05). These findings suggested that Logotherapy group counseling could effectively alleviate the relapse tendency of drug abstainers by improving meaning in life and creative values sources of meaning(self-valves, sense of achievement and self-efficacy). “Creative values,” and “attitudinal values” were the effective way to enhance the level of meaning in life. So we suggested that addiction treatment programs should add the theme of meaning in life into it as the crucial parts.