Too proud to let go: narcissistic entitlement as a barrier to forgiveness |
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Authors: | Exline Julie Juola Baumeister Roy F Bushman Brad J Campbell W Keith Finkel Eli J |
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Affiliation: | Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7123, USA. julie.exline@case.edu |
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Abstract: | Narcissistic entitlement impedes forgiveness in ways not captured by other robust predictors (e.g., offense severity, apology, relationship closeness, religiosity, Big Five personality factors), as demonstrated in 6 studies. Narcissistic entitlement involves expectations of special treatment and preoccupation with defending one's rights. In Study 1, entitlement predicted less forgiveness and greater insistence on repayment for a past offense. Complementary results emerged from Study 2, which used hypothetical transgressions, and Study 3, which assessed broad forgiveness dispositions. Study 4 examined associations with the Big Five, and Study 5 extended the findings to a laboratory context. Study 6 demonstrated that entitlement predicted diminished increases in forgiveness over time. Taken together, these results suggest that narcissistic entitlement is a robust, distinct predictor of unforgiveness. |
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