国外隐喻的理论研究与实践应用

关于隐喻的研究和应用在各个领域都有体现，并且呈现日趋增多的趋势，迄今隐喻已经成为工业心理学研究的一项重要课题。文章介绍了国外隐喻的理论发展、隐喻在各个领域的应用研究，以及总结了目前隐喻研究中所存在的一些问题。隐喻理论从早期的局限于语言修辞的传统理论到具有广泛意义的现代认知理论，从揭示隐喻“靶”事物和“源”事物内在关系的相互作用理论到隐喻对事物逼真性的构造理论，这一系列的概念、理论发展和演化过程充分体现了隐喻在人类的认知和语言发展中的所具有的重要意义。随着理论研究的深入，隐喻在各个领域的应用也越来越普遍，这些领域包括网络技术、工程设计、人机交互、组织行为、企业管理等。然而目前对隐喻应用和研究仍旧存在一些局限性，例如研究者的工作大都局限于描述性和解释性的研究，在使用隐喻思想进行的设计和评价时也仍旧缺乏一个操作性的参照基准，因此更为全面和深入地探讨对于隐喻的进一步研究和应用有十分重要的意义。文章以此为出发点，通过提供隐喻研究和应用一个整体的框架，为进一步研究提供一些参考和启示。

Review of Theory and Practice of Metaphor Abroad

The use of metaphor is pervasive in all forms of discourse, and this trend will be extended in the future. Metaphor has been regarded as an important topic in ergonomics. This paper is concerned with providing a brief review of development of metaphor’s concepts, theories, and practice in some areas. As discribed in this article, mataphor has been regarded as not just a mode of figurative speech as the classical view, but a mode of cognitive processes which consist of many aspects of information processing. The devlopment of metaphor from traditional figuration theory to moden cognition theory indicates the immeasurable significance in the evolvement process of human language and congnition. Therefore, the application of mataphor in many field is rapidly expanding, that include internet technology, en-gineering, human-computer interface, organizational behavior and business enterprise management. Even now, the studies of mataphor still have been limited to methods of experiment and operative criterion in use. Consequently, a thoroughly discussion will be significative to the development of mataphor. We present this article and attempt to provide an integrated image of the metaphor with the purpose of further studies and practice for native researchers.