Social and Personal Controls and Performance Enhancing Drug Use: Toward an Explanation of Doping Activity among Professional Athletes in Rasht,Iran |
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| Authors: | Saeed Kabiri John K. Cochran Rachel Severson Syede Massomeh Shadmanfaat Mohammad Mahdi Rahmati Mahmoud Sharepour |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran;2. Department of Sociology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran;3. Department of Criminology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA;4. Department of Sociology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran |
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| Abstract: | The use of performance-enhancing drugs (PED), also known as “doping,” is a common practice among professional athletes in Iran and this global phenomenon is a serious social problem. The main purpose of this research is to test the efficacy of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s conceptualization of low self-control in conjunction with their ideas of effective parenting and rational choice, in explaining why athletes engage in doping activity. Using self-report data from a random sample of 606 professional athletes from Rasht, Iran, the current study indicates that there are significant associations between ineffective parenting, self-control, perceived costs, and doping activity. |
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