儿童期社交退缩的亚类型及与社会适应的关系

对20世纪80年代以来有关儿童期社交退缩的研究进行了综述，包括社交退缩的概念、研究方法、亚类型以及不同类型社交退缩行为与儿童社会适应之间的关系。对社交退缩的概念进行了总结，指出社交退缩包括安静退缩、活跃退缩和焦虑退缩3种亚类型，其中安静退缩在儿童中后期与社会适应的关系较为紧密，活跃退缩在整个儿童期都与社会适应水平负向联系，而焦虑退缩与社会适应之间的关系具有情境性的特点，只有熟悉情境下的焦虑退缩行为才与社会适应具有负向联系。最后，文章指出了现有研究的不足和今后的研究方向。

Subtypes of Social Withdrawal in Childhood and Relations with Social Adjustment

This article reviewed the studies of social withdrawal in childhood from the 1980s, including the concept, method, subtypes and relations between different subtype of social withdrawal and children’s social adjustment. The author discussed the concept of social withdrawal and suggested that there were three subtypes of social withdrawal: passive withdrawal, active withdrawal and anxious withdrawal. Passive withdrawal was related more closely to children’s social adjustment in late childhood and active withdrawal was related to social adjustment in the reverse direction in the whole childhood, while the relation between anxious withdrawal and social adjustment depended on the situation, only anxious withdrawal in familiar situations was related to social adjustment in reverse direction. In the end, the author pointed out the flaws of existing studies and proposed the study directions in the future.