自然灾难后身心反应的影响因素:研究与启示

所有经历自然灾难的人都会出现应激反应。随着时间的推移, 这些反应或消退, 或转化为一种创伤后成长(PTG), 或恶化为创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)等。根据危险因素模型, 这一过程受三类因素影响:(1)前灾难因素, 如性别、年龄等;(2)当下灾难因素, 如创伤暴露程度等;(3)后灾难因素, 如社会支持、复原特征等。其中, 后灾难因素得到了更多的关注。在危险-保护因素模式及机体主动模式的基础上, 分析了后灾难因素的作用机制, 通过研究的整合, 探讨了其对于灾后研究和干预的启示。

Literature Review on Related Factors of Natural Disasters

It's common that people have stress reaction after they experienced natural disaster.As time goes by, these reactions may disappear, or transform to posttraumatic growth, or deteriorate into PTSD and other psychological distresses.The process is affected by three kinds of factors:(1)pre-disaster factors, such as gender, age;(2)within-disaster factors, such as traumatic exposure;(3)post-disaster factors, such as social support, resilience.Based on the epidemiological risk-protective approach and proactive agentic model, the paper discusses the mechanism of the risk factors and protective factors in the post-disaster factors.Previous research is integrated and the implications for the future intervention and the prospect of the future research are analyzed.