Examining the accuracy and in-game performance effects between pre- and post-performance routines: A mixed methods study |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia;2. University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, United Kingdom;3. University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;1. Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Institute of Sport Psychology, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, 80992 Munich, Germany;2. School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia;1. Institute of Cognitive and Team/Racket Sport Research, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, Cologne, Germany;2. Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Cheshire Campus, Crewe Green Road, Crewe, Cheshire, CW1 5DU, UK;1. Balance and Gait Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada;2. Neural Control of Posture and Movement Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;1. Laboratoire d’Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l’Ingénieur, rue John von Neumann, Orsay 91403, France;2. CIAMS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France;3. CIAMS, Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France;1. Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium;2. TeamNL, Papendal, the Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesResearchers have identified that pre-performance routines improve performance under pressure, yet have not investigated the effects of post-performance routines. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to examine whether the type of performance routine training could improve tenpin bowling accuracy and in-game performance.DesignA mixed-method design was adopted, whereby the impact of a performance routine intervention on performance accuracy and in-game performance was examined. This was followed by participants completing semi-structured interviews which explored the perceived effect of those routines.MethodThirty-six experienced tenpin bowlers completed 30 accuracy shots pre- and post-intervention training, with league scores obtained for in-game performance comparison. Four groups (i.e., pre-performance routine [PPR], post-performance routine [POST], combined pre-post routine, and a control group) practiced 12 games across four weeks while listening to the group specific routine instruction on an IPod.ResultsIt was noted that accuracy improved (albeit non-significantly) for the PPR and combined pre-post routine group, but not the other groups. Critically, all intervention groups (PPR, POST & COMBO) improved in-game performance. The qualitative data indicated that both the PPR and POST was perceived to influence positively performance, attentional and emotional control, self-awareness, self-confidence, motivation. The PPR was also considered to enhance a state of readiness, and perceived control.ConclusionsResults indicate that the PPR training enhanced accuracy and in-game performance, with the POST training acting as a supportive role for in-game performance as evidenced by the qualitative and quantitative data. Future research should continue to investigate the effects of POSTs. |
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| Keywords: | Pre-shot routine Post-shot routine Self-regulation |
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