The intricacies of verbalizations,gestures, and game outcome using sequential analysis |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100 Trikala, Greece;2. SpertLab, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal;1. Kibbutzim College of Education Technology and the Arts, Department of Physical Education and Movement, 149 Namir St., Tel Aviv, 62507, Israel;2. Florida State University, Department of Sport Management, 1002 Tully Gym, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4280, USA;3. Florida State University, Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, 3204G Stone Building, 1114 West Call St., Tallahassee, FL 32306-4453, USA;4. Binyamina Givat-Ada Local Council Sport Department, 28 Nily Rd., Binyamina, Israel;1. Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal;2. Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Portugal;1. Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia;2. College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia;3. College of Arts and Education, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia;1. Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;2. School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom;3. School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen''s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesThe purpose of the present study was to identify the intricacies of verbalizations, gestures, and game outcome during competition.DesignThe behavioral research software Observer XT® using sequential analysis was used to analyze our data.MethodParticipants were 34 junior tennis players with a mean age of 13.68 (SD = 1.8). Youth players were observed during 17 matches using the Self-Talk and Gestures Rating Scale and were examined by a built-in application (Observer XT®) of mapping of verbalizations, gestures, and performance.ResultsSequences indicated negative verbalizations were the most frequently exhibited form of overt verbalizations, followed by positive and instructional verbalizations. Furthermore negative verbalizations for either the server or the receiver decreased the probability of winning a game and showed verbalizations from the server related to the receiver's verbalizations and game outcome, and vice versa.ConclusionsThe results shed light on how verbalizations and gestures interact differently according to the context, which may have important implications for research that has focused on verbalizations and has neglected gestures and contextualized performance in sport. |
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| Keywords: | Self-talk Gesture understanding Ecological approach |
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