Decreasing driver speeding with feedback and a token economy |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Centre for Research on Safe Driving and Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada;2. Research Department, St. Joseph’s Care Group, 580 Algoma Street N., Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5G4, Canada;3. Human Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada;1. Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B1, Canada;2. Department of Anthropology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada;3. Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X4, Canada;4. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada;5. National Parks Antigua, Antigua and Barbuda;6. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada;1. Road Safety Research Collaboration, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4556, Australia;2. Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland (CARRS-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Victoria Park Rd, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia;1. The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, PO Box M201, Missenden Rd, Sydney NSW 2050, Australia;2. School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Australia;3. Safer Roads Consulting, 53 Lachlan St, Thirroul NSW 2515, Australia;4. The Centre for Road Safety, Transport for NSW, Road Safety Technology, Level 3, 84 Crown St, Wollongong NSW 2500, Australia;5. Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Margarete Ainsworth Building, Barker St, Randwick NSW 2031, Australia;6. Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Level 10, Kolling Building 6, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards NSW 2065, Australia |
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| Abstract: | On-road research suggests that driver feedback combined with a token economy (a system of delayed reinforcement whereby tokens or points are distributed following a desired behaviour and are later exchanged for desired items) can reduce speeding, and that an incentive system without feedback may be sufficient to achieve this reduction. In two studies, we investigated the necessary and sufficient conditions required for this intervention to reduce speeding, and the efficacy of conducting such research using a driving simulator. Study 1 served to validate the simulator procedure. Participants completed a simulated drive while receiving feedback on their speed and a speed-based token economy. The intervention decreased their speeding compared with that of a control group. Study 2 investigated the amount of speed reduction that could be achieved with just one intervention component (i.e., feedback alone or a token economy alone) compared with feedback and a token economy combined or a control condition. Participants completed a 30-min simulated drive. Overall, drivers who received feedback combined with a token economy spent the least amount of time driving above the speed limit, had the slowest mean speed, and had the smallest standard deviation of speed. Drivers exposed to a token economy alone showed similar speed reductions. However, drivers exposed to feedback alone drove at speeds similar to control participants. Replicating these results under more realistic operating conditions could inform policy-makers and car manufacturers. Furthermore, the simulator proved a cost-effective and efficient means for examining the intervention. |
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| Keywords: | Driving simulator Speeding Incentive Feedback |
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