Psychological and mystical interpretations of early Quakerism: William James and Rufus Jones |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China;2. National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Shenyang, 110819, China;3. Key Laboratory of Date Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry (Northeastern University), Ministry of Education, China;1. Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA;2. Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA;3. Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
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| Abstract: | William James' discussion of early Quakerism profoundly affected subsequent interpretations of the group by the prominent scholar and Quaker writer, Rufus Jones. Jones utilized James as a major exponent of the divine origins of George Fox's doctrinal beliefs and social protests. The major claims of James and Jones, however, are not sustained by more recent critical scholarship on Quakerism's early days. By examining and refuting these claims, this article argues that interpretations of Quakerism (and by extension, of other religious collectivities) should be based primarily upon historically grounded, social-psychological frameworks. |
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