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An Introduction to Normalization and Calibration Methods in Functional MRI |
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| Authors: | Thomas T. Liu Gary H. Glover Bryon A. Mueller Douglas N. Greve Gregory G. Brown |
| Affiliation: | 1. Center for Functional MRI, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0677, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA 2. Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Lucas MRS Bldg. P073, 1201 Welch Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA 3. Department of Psychiatry, CMRR, University of Minnesota, 2021 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA 4. Department of Radiology, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA 5. VA San Diego Healthcare System, Psychology Service (116B) and Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr., San Diego, CA, 92161, USA |
| Abstract: | In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal is often interpreted as a measure of neural activity. However, because the BOLD signal reflects the complex interplay of neural, vascular, and metabolic processes, such an interpretation is not always valid. There is growing evidence that changes in the baseline neurovascular state can result in significant modulations of the BOLD signal that are independent of changes in neural activity. This paper introduces some of the normalization and calibration methods that have been proposed for making the BOLD signal a more accurate reflection of underlying brain activity for human fMRI studies. |
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