基于连续体信念的精神障碍污名化干预探索

以往研究尝试阐明精神障碍患者污名化的产生机制,并提出相应的干预方案。然而,不同方案的干预效果却不尽如人意,并导致了众多理论纷争。解决上述争论的关键在于揭示污名化产生的核心认知机制,即精神障碍的污名化源于人类自发性的社会分类加工。上述核心认知机制的提出将引领以连续体信念为切入点的全新污名化干预路径。该干预路径能够整合精神障碍污名化消除的理论之争,进而衍生出完整的连续体信念干预理论模型和实践模式。

An exploration of the continuum beliefs intervention on the stigma of mental disorders

The stigma of mental disorders indicates the prejudice or discrimination against patients with mental disorders due to their illness. The stigma of mental disorders not only seriously affects the recovery of patients with mental disorders but also seriously impedes their integration into society and harms their social functioning. Nowadays, due to the large number of people suffering from mental illnesses worldwide, the stigma of patients with mental disorders has led to a wide range of social impacts. Therefore, previous studies have proposed many theories to interpret the generation of the stigma of mental disorders and propose many intervention programs to eliminate the stigma. However, these theories hold the view that the generation of the stigma of mental disorders is mainly due to the lack of public social knowledge about mental disorders, unreasonable attribution, or lower moral level. Moreover, these theories had drastic debates. For example, the effects of these intervention programs based on these theories were not always stable. To reduce such debates, the present study interprets the stigma of mental disorders from the underlying cognitive system of the stigma. To this end, the present study proposes a new theoretical explanation of stigma from the perspective of social categorization and proposes corresponding intervention programs. Specifically, the present study believes that people’s stigma of mental disorders is derived from social classification. People spontaneously categorize patients with mental disorders as out-group members, which results in out-group bias and prevents people from maintaining objective and rational perceptions of patients with mental disorders, and eventually generates stigma. Based on the innovational theories above, the present study also extends the theoretical perspective of continuum beliefs and proposes an innovational stigma intervention system.