抑制性控制在幼儿执行功能与心理理论中的作用

将执行功能任务和心理理论任务中的共同成分——抑制性控制区分为3个不同的难度水平，从而构成心理理论任务（错误信念）的3个变式A1、A2、A3和执行功能任务（白天/黑夜）的3个变式B1、B2、B3。实验1以48名4岁幼儿为被试，探讨对两类任务中各自的3个变式所包含的抑制性控制的难度区分的适当性，结果表明幼儿在两类任务中各自的3个变式上的正确率差异显著，说明其抑制性控制的确表现出了高、中、低3个不同的难度水平；实验2根据实验1所设计的两类任务，以144名3~6岁幼儿为被试，探讨了不同抑制性控制的难度水平在幼儿执行功能和心理理论的相关中的作用，结果表明抑制性控制的难度水平是影响幼儿执行功能与心理理论的相关的一个重要因素。

Role of Inhibitory Control in Infants' Executive Function and Theory of Mind

On exploring the relation of infants’ Executive Function and Theory of Mind, the previous researches just view inhibitory control as one of their common components but seldom take the difficulty level of inhibitory control into consideration. The research divided the difficulty of inhibitory control into high, moderate and low these 3 levels, and explored the influences that inhibitory control with different difficulty levels had on the correlation of infants’ Executive Function and Theory of Mind, with 3 Day/Night tasks B1, B2 and B3 and 3 False Belief tasks A1, A2 and A3. In Experiment 1, 48 4-year olds were tested, and the result shows that the 3 difficulty levels divided into have significant difference and that inhibitory control indeed behaves high, moderate and low levels. In Experiment 2, with the tasks in Experiment 1 that have significant difference, 144 3-year, 4-year, 5-year and 6-year olds were tested, and the result shows that the difficulty level of inhibitory control plays an important and great role in the relation of infants’ Executive Function and Theory of Mind.