国外护士道德韧性的研究进展及启示

结合既往资料，对国外护士道德韧性的概念发展、特征、测量工具、影响因素、作用进行具体综述。道德韧性的6个特征包括个人正直、关系正直、适应力、自我调节、自我管理、道德效能。护士道德韧性的影响因素包括性别、年龄、协调联系、同伴支持、道德困扰和道德勇气。研究发现道德韧性可以作为抵抗道德困境的途径、提高护士心理健康水平，以及减少职业倦怠与降低离职率。总结提出宏观层面应制定政策、提供组织支持，中观层面培养道德韧性，微观层面指出我国护士道德韧性的研究发展方向，为国内护士道德韧性的发展提供参考。

Research Progress and Implications of Oversea Nurses' Moral Resilience

A specific review of the conceptual development, characteristics, measurement instruments, influencing factors, and roles of moral resilience in oversea nurses is presented based on previous data.The six characteristics of moral resilience include personal integrity, relational integrity, resilience, self-regulation, self-management, and moral efficacy. Factors influencing moral resilience in nurses include gender, age, harmonising connectedness, peer support, moral distress and moral courage.The study finds that moral resilience can serve as a way to resist moral dilemmas, improve nurses' psychological well-being, and reduce burnout and turnover. This study concludes that policies and organizational support should be developed at the macro level, moral resilience should be cultivated at the meso level, and the research development direction of moral resilience of nurses in China is pointed out at the micro level to provide a reference for the development of moral resilience of nurses in China.