案例研究与决疑法：当代医学伦理学的经验主义方法论反思

当代医学伦理学至今没有形成较为成熟稳定的研究方法，方法论的“革命”往往意味着科学的革命、学科范式的转型和知识谱系的变革。案例研究与决疑法是医学伦理学常见的两种经验主义方法。这两种方法的广泛运用，是当代医学伦理学对于规范伦理学中“原则主义”的一种实践“反叛”与深度批评。对这两种方法的基本逻辑、实践特征、优点和弊端进行详细分析，深入探讨医学伦理学的学科方法论，通过对方法学的反思，表明当代医学伦理学的方法论在原则与例外、普遍与特殊之间“徘徊”不定，进一步推进对医学伦理学学科建设的理解与反思。

Case Study and Casuistry: Methodological Reflection on Contemporary Medical Ethics

The contemporary medical ethics has not yet formed a mature and stable research method. The "revolution" of methodology often refers to the revolution of science, the transformation of discipline paradigm and the change of knowledge pedigree. Case study and casuistry are two common empirical methods in medical ethics. The extensive application of these two methods is a practical "rebellion" and deep criticism of the "principlism" in normative ethics in contemporary medical ethics. The basic logic, practical characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of these two methods were analyzed in detail, and the discipline methodology of medical ethics was discussed in depth. The methodology of contemporary medical ethics "hovers" between principle and exception, universality and particularity. Such reflection will further promote the understanding on the discipline construction of medical ethics.