医学化与医学界限的反思

自20世纪下半叶以来，医学在科技、资本、政治等社会力量影响下，日益从传统的疾病、健康领域扩展到日常生活领域，导致了原属于生活方式和正常生命历程事件的酗酒、性取向、分娩等问题的医学化，这体现了医学跨越固有界限的趋势。从历史看，医学在古代并没有把上述社会生活问题纳入其视域，而随着社会的现代转型，医学的传统界限常常被打破，医学对社会生活问题的干预范围越来越广泛。但是，某些医学实践对科学界限和伦理界限的跨越却缺乏足够的科学性和正当性，其重要根源在于经济系统和权力系统对这一日常生活世界的侵蚀。

The Reflections on Medicalization and Medical Boundaries

Since the second half of the 20th century, the domain of medicine has been increasingly expanded from diseases and health fields to the areas of social life under the influence of social forces such as science and technology, capital and politics, which has led to the medicalization of alcoholism, sexual orientation, childbirth and other issues that were originally considered as part of normal lifestyles or life processes. Historically, medicine has not included the aforementioned social life issues into its horizon in ancient times. With the modern transformation of society, the boundaries of medicine were often broken. The scope of medical intervention in social life issues has been expanded. However, some transboundary medical practices are short of scientific and ethical evidence, which is the result of the constant erosion of the health care world by the economic and political systems.