药物认知增强剂使用的伦理思辨

为提升专注力、记忆力等认知能力，健康人群以“超说明书用药”方式摄入延缓衰老或修复脑损伤造成的认知能力衰退的药品。该种认知增强技术的应用需要通过“伦理之前”的技术可行性审核和“技术之后”的生命伦理辨析才能初步确认其道德容许性。目前针对药物认知增强剂使用的担忧主要来自新药的疗效与风险尚不明确、市场主导下的药物获取渠道难以管控，以及亟待完善的社会规范。因此，当下药物认知增强技术的合理应用需强化政府对个体和商业力量的监管，重视经验数据的获取，以及科研机构对用药风险性的进一步研究与科学指导。

Ethical Speculation on the Use of Pharmaceutical Cognitive Enhancers

To improve cognitive abilities such as concentration and memory, healthy people take drugs which delay aging or repair cognitive decline caused by brain damage in a way of "off-label" usage. The application of this cognitive enhancement technology needs to pass the "pre-ethics" technical feasibility review and the "post-technology" bioethical considerations to preliminarily confirm its moral permissibility. At present, the concerns towards pharmaceutical cognitive enhancers mainly come from the unclear efficacy and risk of new medications, the difficulty in controlling the medications acquisition channels under the market leadership, and the social norms that need to be improved. Therefore, the rational application of pharmaceutical cognitive enhancement technology still depends on the government's supervision of individual and commercial forces and the further guidance on the risk of drug use by scientific research institutions.