智能医疗的伦理困境与治理——基于以病人为中心的考察

智能医疗的研究与应用发展迅速，在医疗检测、诊断与预测等多领域都显示出了更强的技术优越性。与此同时，智能医疗也出现了算法黑箱导致的病人知情权受到侵犯、用户数据泄露、公平正义问题以及责任归属难以界定等亟待解决的各种伦理难题，对“以病人为中心”的医学临床传统造成威胁。智能医疗的广泛应用不仅需要突破技术难题，更加需要构建以病人为中心的伦理治理体系，做出尊重病人需求和权利的理性决策。

Ethical Dilemma and Governance of Smart Healthcare: Based on Patient-centered Investigation

The study and application of smart healthcare is developing rapidly, and it has shown technical superiority in many fields such as medical detection, diagnosis and prediction. Meanwhile, various ethical challenges have emerged, such as the violation to patients' right to know due to algorithmic black boxes, leakage of user data, fairness and justice issues, and difficulty in defining responsibility, which threaten the "patient-centered" clinical tradition. The widespread use of smart healthcare requires not only technological breakthrough, but also a patient-centered ethical governance system and rational decisions based on patients' needs and rights.