数据权属与规制探讨

数据可分为原生数据与衍生数据。原生数据视来源不同分属国家、集体或个人。数据处理而形成的衍生数据往往涉及多方利益，形成“利益光谱”，对应多方权利主体。基于价值优先次序、权利位阶规则等，数据利益的“两头强化，多方平衡”，是我国法律数据确权和规制的指导思想。“两头强化”是指法律强化对位于“利益光谱”两端的国家利益与个人权益的保护，“多方平衡”指的是多方主体数据权益的平衡。数据规制的“硬法”进路为：明确法律概念，分析“利益光谱”，确定利益归属，权衡优先次序，平衡多方利益，搭建规制框架，制定具体规则。

Discussion On Data Ownership and Regulation

Data is classified into native data and derived data. Native data belongs to the country, the collective or individual due to different sources. Derived data generated by data processing often involves multiple interests, forming "interest spectrum", corresponding to multiple rights subjects. Based on the value priority order and rights rank rules, data interests are "strengthened at both ends and balanced at multi-parties", which is the guiding ideology of data right confirmation and regulation in China. "Strengthened at both ends" refers to the law to strengthen the protection of national interests and individual rights and interests at both ends of the "interest spectrum", "balanced at multi-parties" refers to the balance of data rights and interests of various subjects. The "hard law" approach of data governance is to clarify the legal concept, analyze the spectrum of interests, determine the ownership of interests, weigh the priority order, balance the interests of multiple parties, build the regulatory framework, and formulate specific rules.