儿童汉字读音声旁一致性意识的发展

采用同音判断的方法，考察儿童对汉字读音声旁一致性意识的发展。一个熟悉字和一个不熟悉字共用同一个声旁，该声旁在提示整字发音时可以是一致的，即包含此声旁的所有汉字都发音相同，也可以是不一致的。要求儿童猜测不熟悉字的读音，作出它与熟悉字“是”、“否”同音的判断。结果发现，儿童很早就意识到汉字的结构以及声旁和形旁在表音、表义功能上的分工。随着年级的升高，声旁一致性对猜测不熟悉汉字读音的影响增强。小学四年级语文能力较高的儿童已经开始意识到声旁的一致性；六年级儿童总体上说来已发展了一致性意识。初二年级的学生发展了声旁一致性意识，且没有能力差异。大学生的声旁一致性意识最强。

UTILIZING PHONOLOGICAL CUES IN CHINESE CHARACTERS: A DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY

Phonetic radicals in Chinese characters can provide cues for the pronunciation of whole characters. These cues can be consistent, making all the characters containing a particular radical to be pronounced in the same way. They can also be inconsistent allowing chanaters containing the same radical to be pronounced in different ways. This study investigated school children's awareness of orthographic structure and the use of phonological cues of phonetic radicals. Subjects were asked to judge whether two characters having the same phonetic radical were homophones. In each pair, the first character was a familiar character while the second one was a new character. In guessing the pronunciation of the second character and making judgment children had to be aware of the orthographic structure of the familiar and new characters and use their knowledge about the phonological value of the phonetic radical. It was found that children's judgment was influenced by the consistency of phonetic radicals in providing phonological cues to the whole characters. Pairs containing consistent radicals were less likely to be judged as non-homophones than pairs containing inconsistent radicals. This effect was more pronounced as children were getting older.