儿童欺负行为的类型及其相关因素

本研究采用Olweus欺负问卷中文修订版对我国6471名中小学生进行调查,探讨了中小学生欺负行为的类型特点及其相关因素,结果发现:(1)在小学和初中阶段,直接言语欺负的发生率最高,其次是直接身体欺负,间接欺负的发生率最低。(2)小学和初中男生受直接身体欺负的比例显著高于女生,直接言语欺负没有显著的性别差异。(3)小学阶段三类欺负行为的发生率存在显著的年级差异,三年级儿童受直接身体欺负的比例极显著地高于四、五年级,受直接言语欺负的比例总体上随儿童年级升高而上升,受间接欺负的比例在2-4年级之间相对稳定,5年级出现极显著的下降;在初中阶段三类欺负行为的发生率相对稳定。(4)欺负者大多与受欺负者同龄或年长于受欺负者,初中学生的欺负呈现出明显的“团体化”特点。

Types of Bullying Begavior and Its Correlates

A modified Chinese version of Olweus Bully/victim Questionnaire was employed in a sample of 6,471 pupils from primary and junior middle schools in the urban and rural areas of Shandong Province of China.The results indicated:(1)Direct verbal bullying has the highest rate of occurrence among children of primary schools and junior middle schools,followed by direct physical bullying,with the ratio of children experiencing indirect bullying being the lowest.(2)Boys experienced a significant higher percentage of direct physical bullying than girls.No significant gender difference was found in the ratios of direct verbal bullying.(3)In the period of primary school,significant age differences existed in the ratios of children experiencing the three types of bullying,with children in grade three experiencing a higher ratio of direct physical bullying than those from grade four and five.On the whole,the ratio of children experiencing verbal bullying decreases with age,and the ratio of children experiencing indirect bullying dropped significantly in grade five.In the junior middle school period,the ratios of the three types of bullying remained relatively stable across the three grades.(4)Most bullies were of the same age with or older than the victims.Bullying was performed by,in most cases,more than one child in junior middle school period.