前额叶损害对个体一般智力、认知策略与自我监控能力影响的研究

本研究随机挑选了15名因外伤而造成的前额叶损害者和15名正常成人,采用韦氏成人智力量表和自编的图片分类作业,考查了他们在一般智力、认知策略与自我监控能力方面的差异,研究结果表明:(1)前额叶损害对个体的一般智力产生显著的影响,但是其智力仍然处于正常范围,可见智力的脑结构范围极为广泛,智力是一个具有多重性的系统。(2)前额叶损害者对无关刺激的抑制,对有效信息的提取与加工放大的心理活动受到极大影响,认知策略转换能力明显低于正常人,表现出了明显的认知不随意性,额叶可能更多的与个体的计划、认知策略选择、自我监控密切相关;(3)前额叶损害者对具体概念与抽象概念的自我监控能力表现出了不同的影响,对前者的损害显著大于后者,这表明个体依据具体概念进行的形象思维与凭借抽象概念进行的逻辑思维有不同的脑机制。

Effects of Prefrontal Cortex Damage on the General Intelligence, Cognitive Strategy and Self-monitory Capability of the lndividual

Using the WAIS scale and picture categorization tasks made by the anthor,the presented study investigated the difference of the general intelligence,cognitive strategy and self-monitory capability of 15 adults with prefrontal cortex damage and 15 normal adults.The results are as follows:(1) Although the prefrontal cortex damage obviously affected people's general intelligence,participants with prefrontal cortex damage had IQ score still within the normal scope,which means intelligence is a multipleintelligence system.(2) The participants with prefrontal cortex damage inhibited the unrelated stimulus,drew on useful information and mental activity of processing and magnification more effectively.Compared with normal adults,their capability of cognitive strategy transform was obviously lower.Furthermore,they displayed an obvious absence of casualty in cognition.It suggested that the prefrontal cortex might be more related to the individual's plan,choice of cognitive strategy and self-monitory.(3) Participants with prefrontal cortex damage displayed different effects on concrete concept and abstract concept with a greater loss of the former.It suggested that an individual might be a under different brain mechanism for thinking in inages according to concrete concept and logic thinking according to abstract concepts.