锚定效应的种类、影响因素及干预措施

锚定效应是指个体在不确定情境下的决策会受到初始无关锚影响致使其随后的数值估计偏向该锚的一种判断偏差现象。不同种类的锚定效应其影响因素和干预措施不同, 如影响传统锚定效应的有锚定信息特征、能力变量、情绪因素及个体差异性等, 基本锚定效应的主要影响因素有知识技能与时间压力, 自发锚定效应则受动机变量、认知因素及内部信念等影响。未来研究可深入挖掘认知加工机制、类比推理过程和开发DDS系统等来帮助减少各种锚定偏差。

Anchoring Effects:Types, Influential Factors and Intervention Measures

Anchoring effects refers to a phenomenon that an irrelative anchor biases a subsequent numerical judgment under uncertain circumstances. The influencing factors and intervention measures vary considerably according to different types of anchoring effects. For example,traditional anchoring effect is affected by the characteristics of anchor information,ability variables,emotional factors and individual differences. The basic anchoring effect is affected by expertise and time pressure. The self-generated anch...