动、名词词类特异性损伤的研究现状

词汇的各类知识信息（如，语法信息）在人脑中的表征和加工方式是当前学者们研究的热点之一，以患者为研究对象已成为了其中一种重要的研究手段。期间，人们发现脑损伤使得一些患者对动词或名词表现出选择性认知加工障碍，即出现了动、名词词类特异性损伤。通过探讨这一现象发生的机理，将为揭示词类的语法信息在人脑中的表征和加工方式提供了契机。文章介绍了这一现象的表现形式，即一些脑损伤患者对有关动词的知识比有关名词的知识丧失得更严重，而有些患者的损伤模式却与其恰好相反。另外，文中也阐述了对该现象的3种理论解释：语法解释、语义－概念解释和词典解释。

Study Tendency of Verb Specific Deficit and Noun Specific Deficit

It is always an important study area to reveal the patterns of the presentation and processes on kinds of lexical knowledge information (such as grammatical category information). The way of collecting data from patients begins to become an important technique in such study. Some brain-damaged patients present selective cognitive processing deficits for verbs or nouns. In other words, they suffer from verb specific deficit or noun specific deficit. Exploring the mechanism of causing the deficits will provide a good chance to understand the patterns regarding the presentation and processes on grammatical category information in human brain. In the present paper, we introduced the finding on verb specific deficit or noun specific deficit. Concretely, some brain-damaged patients showed the selective loss of knowledge of verbs compared to nouns, and others showed the reversed pattern. Furthermore, we also discussed three theoretical explanations based on it, i.e. grammatical, semantic-conceptual,and lexical explanations.