后悔的认知机制和神经基础

后悔是基于对不利或相对不利行为结果的反事实思维诱发的一种复杂的负性社会情绪，对我们日常生活的决策和身心健康具有重大的影响。与失望情绪相比，后悔在现象学、产生条件以及评价方式等方面具有明显的差异。后悔不仅会受到个体的行为方式、人格特征、归因等因素的影响，而且还会受到结果信息属性的影响。后悔的预期和体验涉及的功能性脑区主要包括：眶额皮层、扣带前回、海马、杏仁核。研究后悔的实验方法和技术手段有待于进一步拓展，后悔的认知机制和神经基础还有待于进一步探讨和完善

Cognitive Mechanism and Neural Substrate of Regret

Regret is a complex negative social emotion whose generation depends on counterfactual thinking to the better outcomes provided by the alternative choice. It influences decision-making, and has important impacts on people’s physical and mental health in everyday life. Compared with disappointment, regret is different with respect to its phenomenology, the prerequisites of generation as well as the subsequent appraisals. Regret is affected by individual’s behavioral manners, personality, attribution as well as information of behavioral outcomes. Functional brain areas involved in expectancy and experience of regret mainly include Orbitofrontal cortex, Anterior cingulated, Hippocampus, Amygdala. The experimental approaches and technological measures need to be improved in further studies of regret. Meanwhile, the cognitive mechanism and neural substrate of regret remain to be further explored in future