近10年中国飞行员心理健康状况的元分析

[摘要] 目的：探讨近10年中国飞行员的心理健康状况。方法：搜索2001-2010年10年间所有用SCL-90量表研究中国飞行员心理健康的文献，对符合要求的文献用元分析和横断历史研究的方法进行重新处理和分析。结果：（1）2000年到2001年飞行员SCL-90得分增加，2001-2009年飞行员SCL-90数据呈U型曲线，05年得数最低，09年得分最高，其中人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖四个因子的分数在这十年中的变化显著；（2）SCL-90各因子的平均效果量在-0.27到-0.46之间。其中“躯体化”、“抑郁”、“焦虑”“恐怖”四个因子与一般成人常模差异不显著，其余五个因子均与常模差异显著，且分数要低于常模；（3）民航飞行员SCL-90的各个因子得分要低于军事飞行员，但未达到显著性水平。

A Meta-Analysis of Mental Health of Pilots during the Past Decade

A Meta-Analysis of Mental Health of Pilots during the Past Decade Deng Lifang(Institute of Psychology and behavior，Beihang University, Beijing 100191)AbstractAlthough the mental health status of the Chinese Pilots has been highlighted by many researchers, the results of these researches are contradictory. There are different control standards about the mental health status of Pilots and different control standards may come to different conclusions, resulting in lack of comparability among different research. What’s more, as the years goes by and with the development of society, the mental health status of Pilots of the different periods are different. Thus, their mental health status remains unclear. So this article aims to investigate the mental health status of the Chinese Pilots during the past decade, which includes two aspects. One is that, as time going on, what happened to the mental health state of Chinese Pilots? The other is that compared with the general adult norm, what about psychological health state of Chinese pilots and are there any differences in it among different types of pilots?In this study, 20 literatures pertaining to the mental health status of the Chinese Pilots were used, and 5070 Pilots in China were surveyed. All the literatures researching the mental health of pilots during the 2001 to 2010 had used the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) as a judgment test tool. We analyzed the literatures by the way of Meta-analysis and cross-temporal meta-analysis.The results showed that (1) The SCL-90 scores of the Chinese pilots increased in 2000-2001. During 2001 to 2009, The SCL-90 date showed a U-shaped curve, the lowest scores in 2005 and reached a peak in 2009. The scores of the factors anxiety, interpersonal, sensitivity, depression and fear have changed remarkably during the 10 years. (2) The mean effect size of all the factors in The SCL-90 concentrated between-0.27-0.46. Further, the factors of somatization, depression, anxiety and horrorare had no significant different with the general adult norm and the other five factors had significant different with the general adult norm and the scores of the other five factors are obviously lower than the norm. (3) The correlation analysis results between different pilot types (Civil aviation and military pilots) and the factors of the SCL-90 showed that the Civil aviation pilots’ mental health level is lower than the military pilots, but the difference did not reach significant level （0.0690.05）。Therefore, to enhance the pilots’ mental health education, to improve the ability of adaption and international cooperation is imminent. In addition, the management should give pilots the appropriate decompression as soon as possible and based on the findings to establish the relevant supporting measures to ensure flight safety and improve their treatment.Key words Pilot, SCL-90, Meta-analysis, cross-temporal meta-analysis