Attachment theory and research: Resurrection of the psychodynamic approach to personality |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8686, United States;2. Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel;1. Chestnut Hill College, Philadelphia, PA, United States;2. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States;3. University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel;4. Derner Institute of Advanced Psychological Study, Adelphi University, New York, NY, United States;1. University of Cologne, Germany;2. TU Wien, Austria;1. Portman Clinic, The Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK;1. Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany;2. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;3. Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK;4. The Derner Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies, Adelphi University, NY, USA;5. Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Centre for Emotions and Health, Halifax, NS, Canada;6. Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;7. Department of Psychology, Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria;8. Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Since the rise of the social-behaviorist approach to personality and its elaboration with cognitive concepts following “the cognitive revolution,” psychodynamic theories, usually identified with Sigmund Freud, have taken a beating. This makes it easy for mainstream personality-social psychologists to brush the psychodynamic approach aside. At the same time, researchers in both developmental and personality-social psychology have made great progress in testing and elaborating ideas presented by John Bowlby in his famous trilogy on attachment and loss. What outsiders to that perspective may not realize is that Bowlby was a psychoanalyst who saw himself as retracing Freud’s steps but with the advantage of new theoretical and empirical strategies. In this article, we conceptualize attachment theory as a contemporary psychodynamic approach, show how this theory has helped to bring psychodynamic psychology back to life, and review empirical evidence from our laboratories that supports many of the psychodynamic hypotheses advanced by Bowlby. |
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