Paths of psychological health: Examination of 40-year trajectories from the Intergenerational Studies |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA;2. University of California, Berkeley, USA;1. Purdue University;2. University of Missouri, Columbia;1. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY;2. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN;1. Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands;1. Korean Medical School, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea;2. Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), PO Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;5. Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea;1. Professor Emerita, Oregon Health and Science University School of Nursing, Portland, OR;2. Research Associate, Oregon Health and Science University School of Nursing, Portland, OR |
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| Abstract: | Patterns of stability and change in psychological health, as assessed via the California Psychological Inventory’s v3 scale, are examined in two long-term longitudinal samples (N = 279). Longitudinal hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicate a modest, but significant, linear increase in v3 from age 33 to 75 for the sample as a whole, with significant individual differences in v3 change also evident. When psychological health is categorized as either high or low, using a v3 cut-off score of 36, the majority of individuals show stable high psychological health from age 33 to 75; significant minorities show stable low, increased, and decreased psychological health with age. Differential patterns of psychological health change are successfully predicted by preadult psychological health resources, adult cognitive and social resources, and early adult norm-orientation. Overall, results illustrate the complexity of normal adult development, and the differential mechanisms involved in maintaining, attaining, and losing psychological health over a 40-year period. |
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