The causal effects of extraversion on positive affect and neuroticism on negative affect: Manipulating state extraversion and state neuroticism in an experimental approach |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB # 3270, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, USA;2. Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA;1. Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Näituse 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia;2. National Institute for Health Development, Hiiu 42, Tallinn, Estonia;3. School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Narva maantee 25, 10120 Tallinn, Estonia;1. German Institute for Economic Research, Mohrenstr. 58, 10117 Berlin, Germany;2. University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Missionsstrasse 62a, 4055 Basel, Switzerland;1. Georgetown University, Department of Psychology, 37th and O Streets, N.W., Washington DC 20057, USA;2. University of California, Irvine, Department of Psychology & Social Behavior, 4322 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA, USA;3. University of British Columbia, Department of Psychology, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;1. University of Münster, Germany;2. Bielefeld University, Germany |
| |
| Abstract: | Although the relationships between extraversion and positive affect and between neuroticism and negative affect are powerful, the patterns of causality accounting for them are unknown. We employed an experimental methodology to manipulate state extraversion and state neuroticism to determine their causal status. In Experiment 1, state extraversion was manipulated by instructing participants to act extraverted and introverted during two different discussions with two other participants. Participants reported more positive affect when instructed to act extraverted than when instructed to act introverted, and this finding was supported by the ratings of observers. In Experiment 2, state neuroticism was manipulated by instructing participants to act neurotic and emotionally stable during two different discussions. Participants reported more negative affect when instructed to act neurotic than when instructed to act stable. Thus, at least some part of the extraversion-positive affect and neuroticism-negative affect relationships may be accounted for by the causal influences of extraverted behavior and neurotic behavior, respectively. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
