Congener characteristics influence aversion conditioning to alcoholic beverages in rats |
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| Authors: | J J Franchina A B Dyer |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China;2. School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China;3. School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China;4. Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;5. Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;6. MTA-SZTE Lendület Biocolloids Research Group, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary;1. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China;2. School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China;3. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China;4. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;1. Department of Physics, University of Mumbai, Kalina, Mumbai-400098, India;2. SDSM College, Palghar-401404, University of Mumbai, India;1. State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People''s Republic of China;2. School of Mechanical, Materials & Mechatronics Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia;1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China;2. Luoyang Meizuan New Material Co., Ltd., Luoyang 471023, China;3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;4. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China |
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| Abstract: | Experiment 1. 120 male rats (Rattus norvegicus) received access to either wine, beer or distilled spirits of high or low congener contents prior to an injection of lithium chloride (LiCl). Relative to ingestion-toxin controls (ITCs), aversion effects were greater for wine and beer CSs than for distilled spirits. Aversion effects were similar across congener levels for wine. For beer and distilled spirits, aversion effects were greater, the higher the congener level. Experiment 2. 30 rats received serial access to high and low congener levels of wine, beer or distilled spirits prior to an LiCl injection. Relative to ITCs, aversion effects were greater for wine and beer CSs than for distilled spirits. However, aversion effects were similar for high and low congener levels of each beverage. Post hoc comparisons between experiments showed that aversion effects for low-congener beverages were greater in Experiment 2 than in Experiment 1. For high-congener beverages, aversion effects increased for wine, remained unchanged for beer and decreased for distilled spirits in Experiment 2 relative to Experiment 1. Together, these studies indicated that congener contents of alcoholic beverages reliably influenced aversion conditioning within and across beverage classes. Conditioning with different congener levels of the same beverage CS generally yielded greater aversion effects than did conditioning with a single congener level of the beverage. |
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