Choice of end-state comfort is dependent upon the time spent at the beginning-state and the precision requirement of the end-state |
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| Affiliation: | 1. TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Human-centered Assistive Robotics, Technical University of Munich, Karlstraße 45, 80333 Munich, Germany;3. TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Human Movement Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80992, Germany;4. Institute of Computer Technology, Autonomous Systems, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna 1040, Austria;5. Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 82234 Wessling, Germany;1. Department of Kinesiology, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA;2. School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA;1. School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;2. Heilongjiang Shooting, Cycling and Archery Sports Management Center, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150049, China;3. School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;4. School of Sport Communication and Information Technology, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China;5. China Table Tennis College, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;1. Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Health Care, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan;2. Department of Rehabilitation, Kurosawa Hospital, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan;3. IRISSE (EA 4075), Department of Sport Sciences (STAPS), University of la Réunion, Tampon, France;1. Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;2. Music and Health Research Collaboratory (MaHRC), Faculty of Music, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;1. Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA;2. Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA;3. Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA;4. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA;5. College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA;6. Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Choice of posture while grasping an object typically depends upon several factors including the time spent in that posture, what postures were held prior to choosing that posture, and the precision required by the posture. The purpose of this study was to test choice of end-state thumb-up posture based on time spent at the beginning-state and the precision requirement of the end-state. To determine choice of thumb-up based on time or precision, we varied how long a subject had to hold the beginning state before moving an object to an end location. We made end-state precision either small or large and eliminated the precision needed to stand the object up at the end of the movement. A choice between “comfort” at the beginning or precision at the end-state would be demanded by the conditions with long beginning-state hold times and high precision demands. We aimed to determine which aspect of movement was of greater importance to individuals, overall “comfort” or precision. When the requirement was to hold the initial grasp longer, and the end-target was large, we predicted that we would see more thumb-up postures adopted at the beginning state. When the final placement was small and the initial posture was not constrained, we predicted we would see thumb-up postures adopted at the end state. On average, we found that, as beginning-state grasp time increased, more individuals chose beginning-state thumb-up postures. Perhaps, not surprisingly, we found distinct individual differences within our sample. Some individuals seemed to choose beginning-state thumb-up postures nearly 100% of the time, while other individuals chose end-state thumb-up postures nearly 100% of the time. Both the time spent in a posture and its precision requirements influenced planning, but not necessarily in a systematic way. |
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