Stability of M-ABC-2-measured motor functioning in early childhood: Evidence from a large prospective cohort |
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| Institution: | 1. Nicotine Dependence Service, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada;2. Department of Health Research, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;3. Division of Oncology, The Children''s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA;4. School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;5. Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada;1. Département des sciences de l''activité physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada;2. École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l''activité physique de la Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, 2100 Edouard Montpetit Blvd. #6219, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;3. Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 5858 Côte-des-Neiges Rd, Montreal, QC H3S 1Z1, Canada;4. Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, 5858 Côte-des-Neiges Rd, Montreal, QC H3S 1Z1, Canada;5. Human Kinetics Department, St Francis Xavier University, 4130 University Ave, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada;6. Département de kinésiologie, Université Laval, 2300, rue de la Terrasse, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;7. Département de Pédiatrique, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, 3175, chemin Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;1. Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece;2. Department of Experimental Psychology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany;3. Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;1. Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, CIUSSS-CN, IRDPQ, Québec, Canada;2. Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada;3. School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Québec, Canada;4. Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital – CISSS Laval site of Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (CRIR), Québec, Canada;1. Department of Physical Therapy, Hiroshima Cosmopolitan University, 3-2-1, Otsukahigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-3166, Japan;2. Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10, Higashi-Ogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan;3. Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Healthcare Sciences, Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 1-645, Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0801, Japan;4. Department of Physical Therapy, Kibi International University, 8, Iga-machi, Takahashi-shi, Okayama 716-8508, Japan;5. Department of Rehabilitation, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, 2-1-7, Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 553-0003, Japan;6. Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kansai University of Health Sciences, 2-11-1, Wakaba, Kumatori-machi, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0482, Japan;7. Department of Rehabilitation, Kurashiki Rehabilitation Hospital, 21, Sasaoki, Kurashiki-shi, Okayama 710-0834, Japan;1. School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, United States of America;2. Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois, Chicago, United States of America;1. Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Science, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan;2. Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medical Science, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan |
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| Abstract: | AimSome studies have reported that children with poor motor functioning tend to improve over time. However, much existing research does not account for regression towards the mean (RTM). Here, we examine measurement stability among 589 children aged 4–5 years.MethodWe administered the Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2nd Edition annually to 269 children initially scoring above and 252 at or below the 16th percentile. We measured agreement between year 1 and year 2 standard scores using Pearson correlation and derived expected regression towards the mean (RTM). We then regressed follow-up on baseline scores, controlling for relative age, sex, and exact interval between assessments. Finally, we performed a small illustrative simulation.Outcomes and resultsThe mean score in the poor-coordination group rose from 5.6 (SD = 1.5) to 7.2 (SD = 2.8). Year 1 and year 2 scores were correlated at r = 0.66, corresponding to predicted RTM in the MI group of 1.56, close to the observed change of 1.57. Degree of change was not associated with time between assessments.InterpretationObserved improvements in motor functioning were consistent with measurement error. The stability of motor functioning may be greater than it appears from past research, and reported functional improvements in some studies may be illusory.What this paper adds?- -Impaired motor coordination is common and can meaningfully affect functioning.
- -Our analysis suggests that coordination is generally stable.
- -Apparent improvement in research may often be produced by measurement error.
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