Multi-tasking deteriorates trunk movement control during and after obstacle avoidance |
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| Institution: | 1. The Polytechnic School, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ, USA;2. School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA;1. Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece;2. Department of Experimental Psychology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany;3. Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;1. Département des sciences de l''activité physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada;2. École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l''activité physique de la Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, 2100 Edouard Montpetit Blvd. #6219, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;3. Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 5858 Côte-des-Neiges Rd, Montreal, QC H3S 1Z1, Canada;4. Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, 5858 Côte-des-Neiges Rd, Montreal, QC H3S 1Z1, Canada;5. Human Kinetics Department, St Francis Xavier University, 4130 University Ave, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada;6. Département de kinésiologie, Université Laval, 2300, rue de la Terrasse, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;7. Département de Pédiatrique, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, 3175, chemin Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;1. Institute of Physical Therapy, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany;2. Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 69, D-55131 Mainz, Germany;3. Institute of Complex Health Sciences, Hochschule Fresenius, University of Applied Sciences, Limburgerstr. 2, D-65510 Idstein, Germany;4. Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany;1. Institute of Psychology, Department of Psychology and Sports Medicine, UMIT TIROL - Private University for Health Sciences and Health Technology, Hall in Tyrol, Austria;2. Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Austria;1. Innovation and Research Center Tuttlingen, Furtwangen University of Applied Science, Germany;2. Institute of Physical Therapy, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany;3. Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany;1. Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, CIUSSS-CN, IRDPQ, Québec, Canada;2. Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada;3. School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Québec, Canada;4. Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital – CISSS Laval site of Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal (CRIR), Québec, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Dynamic and cognitive multi-tasking might affect balance and walking negatively and increase risk of falling. Trunk movement control is critical for balance maintenance and fall-prevention. The impact of multi-tasking on trunk movement control has not been thoroughly studied. In a challenging dynamic multi-tasking condition such as walking and obstacle avoidance, presence of a cognitive task not only increases risk of tripping but also may increase risk of falling by deteriorating trunk control. Our objective was to investigate the impacts of a challenging dynamic and cognitive multi-tasking condition (walking + obstacle avoidance + cognitive task) on trunk kinematics and kinetics and compare those with other joints/segments. Trunk, pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle kinematics and kinetics of 12 young adults were compared between joints/segments and conditions. During walking and obstacle avoidance (dynamic multi-tasking), the trunk had the largest normalized increase in peak flexion angle and extension torque compared to walking, among the other joints/segments. The presence of a cognitive task during walking and obstacle avoidance (dynamic and cognitive multi-tasking) did not impact any of the joints/segments biomechanics except the trunk peak extension torque that was increased. Furthermore, trunk kinematics showed the largest residual differences (post-effects) in 3 cycles after obstacle avoidance compared to walking. The presence of a cognitive task (dynamic and cognitive multi-tasking) did not impact the post-effects of obstacle avoidance on any joints/segments except the trunk with its residual difference from normal walking further increased. These results suggest that a cognitive task deteriorates trunk control and interferes with the ability to regain normal trunk biomechanics after obstacle avoidance. In summary, the trunk requires the largest biomechanical adjustments in a challenging dynamic and cognitive multi-tasking condition where there is a risk of falling. Our study provides baseline results suggesting that trunk control demands more attention and is more negatively affected by dynamic and cognitive multi-tasking. Our results raise a concern for elderly population as their trunk control is already impaired and common daily multi-tasking could further deteriorate their trunk control and increase fall risk. |
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