The influence of proximal motor strategies on pianists' upper-limb movement variability |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratoire de Simulation et Modélisation du Mouvement, École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l''Activité Physique, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada;2. Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada;3. Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l''apprentissage, Montréal, Québec, Canada;4. Faculté de musique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada;1. Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA;2. School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, United Kingdom;3. Department of Sport & Health, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany;4. Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, USA;1. Biomechanics and Motor Control Lab, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil;2. Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil;1. RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1133, Blindern, Oslo 0318, Norway;2. Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1094, Blindern, Oslo 0317, Norway;3. Department of Psychology, Oslo New University College, Lovisenberggata 13, Oslo 0456, Norway;4. Department of Musicology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1017, Blindern, Oslo 0315, Norway;1. Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, University of Human Arts and Sciences, 354-3 Shinshoji-Guruwa, Ota-aza, Iwatsuki-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 339-8555, Japan;2. Department of Rehabilitation, Higashi Saitama General Hospital, 517-5 Yoshino, Satte-shi, Saitama 340-0153, Japan;3. Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo Kasei University, 2-15-1 Inariyama, Sayama-shi, Saitama 350-1398, Japan;4. Research Development Center, Saitama Prefectural University, 820 San-Nomiya, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama 343-8540, Japan;5. Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;6. Department of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, 820 San-Nomiya, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama 343-8540, Japan;1. Neuroplasticity, Imagery, and Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna V1V1V7, British Columbia, Canada;2. Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T1Z3, British Columbia, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Repetitive movements are considered a risk factor for developing practice-related musculoskeletal disorders. Intra-participant kinematic variability might help musicians reduce the risk of injury during repetitive tasks. No research has studied the effects of proximal motion (i.e., trunk and shoulder movement) on upper-limb movement variability in pianists. The first objective was to determine the effect of proximal movement strategies and performance tempo on both intra-participant joint angle variability of upper-limb joints and endpoint variability. The second objective was to compare joint angle variability between pianist's upper-limb joints. As secondary objectives, we assessed the relationship between intra-participant joint angle variability and task range of motion (ROM) and documented inter-participant joint angle variability. The upper body kinematics of 9 expert pianists were recorded using an optoelectronic system. Participants continuously performed two right-hand chords (lateral leap motions) while changing movements based on trunk motion (with and without) and shoulder motion (counter-clockwise, back-and-forth, and clockwise) at two tempi (slow and fast). Trunk and shoulder movement strategies collectively influenced variability at the shoulder, elbow and, to a lesser extent, the wrist. Slow tempi led to greater variability at wrist and elbow flexion/extension compared to fast tempi. Endpoint variability was influenced only along the anteroposterior axis. When the trunk was static, the shoulder had the lowest joint angle variability. When trunk motion was used, elbow and shoulder variability increased, and became comparable to wrist variability. ROM was correlated with intra-participant joint angle variability, suggesting that increased task ROM might result in increased movement variability during practice. Inter-participant variability was approximately six times greater than intra-participant variability. Pianists should consider incorporating trunk motion and a variety of shoulder movements as performance strategies while performing leap motions at the piano, as they might reduce exposure to risks of injury. |
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