The vocal dialogue in 9/11 pregnant widows and their infants: Specificities of co-regulation |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA;2. Department of Psychology, Xavier University (Emerita), USA;3. Washington - Baltimore Center for Psychoanalysis, USA;4. Department of Psychology, Pace University, New York, NY, USA;5. Department of Psychology, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel;6. The Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA;1. Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, USA,;2. Division of Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA,;3. Department of Innovation and Product Design, University Carlos III of Madrid, Spain,;4. Department of Computer Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, USA,;5. Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children''s Hospital Los Angeles, USA;1. Division of Neonatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA;2. Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA;3. HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA;1. Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway;2. Innlandet Hospital Trust, Department of Research, Lillehammer, Norway;3. Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Project, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal;4. Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway;5. Center for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;6. Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal;1. American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016, United States;2. Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St. Miami, FL 33199, United States |
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| Abstract: | Mothers who were pregnant and widowed on September 11, 2001, and their 4–6-month infants (in utero on 9/11) were filmed during face-to-face interaction and their vocal dialogues were examined via microanalysis. Mothers were White, well-educated, mean age 34.3 years, and far from the World Trade Center site on 9/11; infants were 4–6 months, half female. We examined the bi-directional, moment-by-moment co-regulation of the timing of vocal dialogue, and particularly turn taking, in mother-infant and stranger-infant interactions, with time-series models. We analyzed the contingent coordination of durations of (1) vocalizations of the turn-holder, and (2) switching-pauses at the moment of the turn exchange. The switching pause is an aspect of the rhythm of the turn-holder who, after taking a turn, yields the floor to the partner through the switching pause. Turn taking is the lynchpin of dialogue, and the bi-directional contingent coordination of the switching-pause regulates the turn exchange. Both partners showed signs of risk and resilience. The 9/11 mothers did not coordinate the timing of turn taking with their infants, a highly unusual finding. In contrast, the 9/11 infants did coordinate the timing of turn taking with their mothers, and with the “stranger,” forms of resilience. We propose that the 9/11 mother’s difficulty coordinating with the infant’s turn taking rhythm is a mode of transmission of her trauma to the infant. This work expands our knowledge of the specificities of co-regulation in the context of the 9/11 trauma. |
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| Keywords: | Pregnant and widowed on 9/11 Vocal dialogue Microanalysis Co-regulation |
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