Infant and maternal responses to emotional facial expressions: A longitudinal study |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA;2. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA;3. Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;1. Dept of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom;2. Dept of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom;3. Durham Research Methods Centre, Durham, United Kingdom;1. Department of Psychology, Marymount University, USA;2. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA;3. Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, UK;4. UNICEF, New York, NY, USA;1. Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, USA;2. Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China;3. Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, USA;4. Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Utah, USA;5. Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, National Institute of Mental Health, USA;6. Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Washington State University, USA;7. Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, USA;1. Studies and Research Department of the Italian Society of Relationship in Psychoanalysis, Italy;2. Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale di Psicologia Clinica - Dipartimento Salute Mentale - ASST Brianza, Italy;3. Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy;4. Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Italy;5. 0–3 Center for the At-Risk Infant, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy |
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| Abstract: | The current longitudinal study (N = 107) examined mothers’ facial emotion recognition using reaction time and their infants’ affect-based attention at 5, 7, and 14 months of age using eyetracking. Our results, examining maternal and infant responses to angry, fearful and happy facial expressions, show that only maternal responses to angry facial expressions were robustly and positively linked across time points, indexing a consistent trait-like response to social threat among mothers. However, neither maternal responses to happy or fearful facial expressions nor infant responses to all three facial emotions show such consistency, pointing to the changeable nature of facial emotion processing, especially among infants. In general, infants’ attention toward negative emotions (i.e., angry and fear) at earlier timepoints was linked to their affect-biased attention for these emotions at 14 months but showed greater dynamic change across time. Moreover, our results provide limited evidence for developmental continuity in processing negative emotions and for the bidirectional interplay of infant affect-biased attention and maternal facial emotion recognition. This pattern of findings suggests that infants’ affect-biased attention to facial expressions of emotion are characterized by dynamic changes. |
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| Keywords: | Emotion Emotion recognition Attention Infant Mothers |
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