小学儿童记忆中组织策略发展的实验研究

本研究探讨了小学儿童组织策略的发展,结果表明:1.小学儿童组织策略的发展可分为产生性缺损和成熟运用组织策略两个主要阶段。第一个阶段根据是否伴随中介性缺损又可分为两个亚阶段。2.导致产生性缺损的原因有:(1)缺乏对记忆手段和记忆目标之间的功能关系的清晰认识;(2)不能清楚地认识策略的有效性,以及常运用自己熟悉的、简单的、但也相对无效的策略;(3)较差的有关记忆材料的知识基础以及较低的认识发展水平。

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZATION STRATEGY IN PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS

The organization strategy of first, third and fifth grade pupils was stu-died. The results showed: 1.There were two major periods in the development of organization stra-tegy in primary school pupils. The first was production deficiency period.Thesecond was mature strategy application period. The first period could be devi-ded into two subperiods. One was coupled with mediational deficiency. Theother was not. 2.There were three reasons for the subject's production deficiency: (1)Lack of awareness of the functional relationship between memory means andgoals; (2) Lack of clear understanding of the importance of strategy and pre-ference for familiar and simple strategies that proved to be less effective; (3)Relatively poor knowledge base of the memory materials.