Non-declarative sequence learning does not show savings in relearning |
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Authors: | Keisler Aysha Willingham Daniel T |
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Affiliation: | University of Virginia, Department of Psychology, Box 400400, Gilmer Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA. aysha@virginia.edu |
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Abstract: | Researchers have utilized the savings in relearning paradigm in a variety of settings since Ebbinghaus developed the tool over a century ago. In spite of its widespread use, we do not yet understand what type(s) of memory are measurable by savings. Specifically, can savings measure both declarative and non-declarative memories? The lack of conscious recollection of the encoded material in some studies indicates that non-declarative memories may show savings effects, but as all studies to date have used declarative tasks, we cannot be certain. Here, we administer a non-declarative task and then measure savings in relearning the material declaratively. Our results show that while material outside of awareness may show savings effects, non-declarative sequence memory does not. These data highlight the important distinction between memory without awareness and non-declarative memory. |
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