多决策方法多交流方式的群体决策比较

采用人员选拔的实验室模拟实验，以160名被试组成40个4人群体，对4种决策方法和2类交流方式的群体决策进行了比较。结果发现（1）决策方法和交流方式对于讨论过程的信息交流具有显著影响；（2）以计算机为中介进行决策的被试知觉到的任务难度要高于面对面决策条件；决策方法对于群体成员有关实验任务难度知觉具有主效应；交流方式和决策方法对于群体决策过程满意感和结果满意感没有显著影响；（3）在以投票轮次来表明群体达成一致意见所需时间上，决策方法对于投票轮次具有显著影响。恶魔式辩护、辨证式查询两种方法下所需的投票轮次多于专家意见法和自由讨论法的投票轮次。

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON DECISION-MAKING OF GROUPS USING MULTI-METHOD UNDER MULTI-COMMUNICATION CONDITIONS

The relative effects of communication media (computer-mediated, CM vs. Face-To-Face, FTF) and methods of discussion, i.e., devil’s advocacy (DA), dialectical inquiry (DI), expertise (E), unstructured discussion (control group, C), on decision making of groups with simulated laboratory experiments of personnel selection were investigated by this study. The results showed: (1) There were significant effects of communication conditions and methods of discussion on information exchanging. (2) On the side of group members’ attitudes, the members suffered much more difficulty in CM than in FTF. There were major effects of methods of discussion on difficulty of decision-making felt by members. And there were no significant effects of communication media and methods of discussion on both process satisfaction and outcome satisfaction. (3) The number of turns of votes for making sure consensus under DA and DI was more than that under E and C. There were significant effects of methods of discussion on the number of turns of votes which indicated the total time of decision-making of groups.