Identifying words that emerge into consciousness: Effects of word valence and unconscious previewing |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Neuroscience, Bates College, United States;2. Department of Psychology, Bates College, United States;1. Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada;2. Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada;3. Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada;1. Department of Applied Mathematics, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan;2. Neuroinformatics Japan Center, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako 351-0198, Japan;3. Department of Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;4. Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-1102, Japan;5. Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan;1. Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, San Sebastián, Spain;2. Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain;3. Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;1. University of Almería, Spain;2. University of Ulm, Germany;3. University of Murcia, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Words with negative valence capture attention and this increase in attentional resources typically enhances perceptual processing. Recently, data using continuous flash suppression (CFS) appear to contradict this. In prior research when Chinese words were unconsciously presented in CFS and contrast was raised until the word was identified, RTs to identify words with negative valence were slower than RTs to words with neutral valence. This result might be limited to situations where a logographic writing system is used and could reflect a type of cognitive aftereffect where previewing the word causes habituation. Data (N = 60) indicate that results generalize from a logographic (Chinese) to an orthographic writing system (English). In addition, when words were previewed in CFS RTs were slowed for words with negative valence relative to words with neutral valence and this was reversed when words were shown binocularly. Implications for theories of unconscious word processing and cognitive aftereffects are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Continuous flash suppression Cognitive aftereffects Unconscious word reading Word valence Attentional capture |
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